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Solidity for Beginners: A Guide to Getting Started

Solidity is a pristine programming language formulated explicitly for developing smart contracts for the Ethereum blockchain.  The newly developed language has gained a significant role under Ethereum’s contracts framework that is of great importance in blockchain technology; in fact, you will be required to learn the language in order to code Ethereum Dapps (Decentralized Applications). The developers created this language with an aim to showcase the real potential of the system of smart contracts in the realm of digital exchanges. 

This article will provide you with a detailed understanding of smart contract systems, solidity language, functionality, and solidity basics. These fundamentals will lend you basic knowledge about the subject to help you in getting started.

Table of Content

  • What are smart contacts?
  • What is Solidity?
  • Solidity basics for beginners. 
  • How is compiling and testing of smart contact done?
  • An overview: Solidity flow of execution
  • Closing Thoughts.

What Are Smart Contracts?

The term smart contracts have gained a ton of publicity since its formulation; it’s been at the center of attention just like other popular terms like AI (artificial intelligence),  Machine Learning, Blockchain, etc. Smart contracts, also known as crypto-contracts, are automatic computer programs that empower currency tradings, digital asset exchanges, and other kinds of businesses. These exchanges are secured by a predefined set of rules summoned as a smart contract system. Thus, smart contracts not just guarantee that both the parties are adhering to the principles and regulations of the smart contract but also automatically implement the contract obligations.

What is Solidity?

Solidity is the principal programming language for assembling smart contracts utilized in the Ethereum blockchain. It is a contract-based language, which implies that smart contracts are liable for putting away the entirety of the programming reasoning on which the Ethereum blockchain runs. It is statically formulated to uphold essential elements like libraries, legacy and that’s just the beginning! 

Solidity is an easy language purposely made for an oversimplified way to provide genuine solutions for the issues of real-world use cases. The language has been implemented on the Ethereum platform, a Virtual Machine carrying out the blockchain network to foster decentralized public records to make smart contract frameworks. This programming language has similar functions as JavaScript and C++. Moreover, the language upholds state factors such as value types, data types and programming capacities. 

However, the language still deals with constant updates and modifications across the platform. Subsequently, an aspiring SOLIDITY DEVELOPER should be aware of the updates through forums of the Ethereum platform, chat rooms, and websites. Currently, Ethereum and Solidity are both going through visionary growth. 

Solidity Basics for beginners 

Solidity language supports the following general  value types:

  • Booleans: It returns a true or false value. 
  • Integers: The int/unit for both unsigned and signed integers are supported by Solidity.   
  • Address: An address can carry up to a 20-byte value. 
  • String Literals: String literals are depicted using either double or single quotes.  They imply trailing value zeroes. 
  • Modifier:  Modifiers ensure the fulfillment of the predefined conditions before code execution.
  • Mappings: Mappings return values related to a given storage site. 

These generic value types can be further integrated to develop complex data types.

How is the compiling and testing of smart contract done?

Once you have created a smart contract using Solidity on a local system, install an easy-to-use test environment that accepts simple Truffle commands. The compiler transforms the source code into the Ethereum Virtual Machine code, allowing you to test your code without needing to pay Ether coins.

An overview: Solidity flow of execution  

The syntactical consonance of Solidity with another programming language, JavaScript, has extensively improved the system’s usability. As a beginner, you must have a clear idea of the execution process under a solidity programming language command:

The Ethereum format documentation draws out an instruction text size of 32-byte containing a stack and memory model. The EVM generates a program stack that monitors the registries under information storage and program counter. To keep a successive stream to control the program, the program counter loops/jumps.

Additionally, the virtual memory lends short memory for information distribution that is expandable to some degree compared to a permanent storage allowance provided by the nodes of the blockchain.

The aim of creating solidity language for Ethereum is to maintain the determinism and accuracy of smart contracts. The node executes programming tools and smart contracts within the connected blocks in the Ethereum for creating a new block. 

This implies the code being executed is enrolled based on the sequence of the block.

While entering the new stage of the execution process, the program phase gets shifted to new storage exchanges. At first, these exchanges are performed at the miner’s location. After execution, the new block is dissipated to different working nodes within the blockchain.

To confirm the credibility of the framework of smart contracts, every node autonomously checks the block by correlating the state changes by using any local copy of the block. In cases where the state changes are deterministic, nodes of the blockchain accept the exchanges. Similarly, in a circumstance where the nodes could not reach an agreement, the execution of the block stops, and the network may end.

Closing Thoughts

Solidity is the language that has the power to develop the frameworks of contracts with robust functionality. Smart contracts have generated ample opportunities for further blockchain developments and multiple sectors of online business. Hopefully, you learned the fundamentals of solidity programming language to use while creating your smart contract.

Learn more about blockchain technology under the guidance of a highly qualified Ethereum expert at the BLOCKCHAIN COUNCIL.

Solidity for Beginners: A Guide to Getting Started

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How lending and borrowing take place in Decentralized Finance (DeFi) ?

As associations began exploring different avenues regarding the potential of  Blockchain technology, the financial area has additionally introduced the need to assemble blockchain-based fintech applications. By covering practically every financial service from online installments to cryptocurrency trading and its storage, Blockchain is set to change the conventional finance system. With the rise of DeFi (Decentralized Finance), Blockchain has become more assertive.

With loads of enthusiasm yielded effectively in the market, DeFi has continued thriving ahead and drawn in a significant capital sum since 2020. As indicated by DeFi-Pulse, the Total Value Locked (TVL) in DeFi programs is at $20.46 billion today, up from under 1 billion dollars a year ago.

Let’s look into what makes Decentralized finance and Defi lending such a significant hit. This article discusses each of the DeFi related concerns in detail.

Table of content

  • What is DeFi?
  • What is DeFi lending and borrowing?
  • How does DeFi lending work?
  • Benefits that Defi Lending offers to its users.
  • Improved speed of loan procedure.
  • Greater consistency in lending decisions.
  • Compliance with local, state, and federal regulations.
  • Permissionless
  • Transparency
  • Interoperability
  • Self-custody
  • Closing thoughts

What is DeFi?

In most simple words, DeFi is an environment of financial applications dependent on Blockchain technology that works without central administration intercession or third-party involvement. It utilizes a P2P system to build decentralized applications that would empower everybody to interface and deal with their assets regardless of their location and status. It intends to give a transparent, open-source,  and permissionless financial help setting. 

Smart contracts are the base for decentralized finance (DeFi) as they are self-executing and don’t need intermediary supervision. Since Ethereum launched the DeFi concept, the more significant part of the DeFi applications is Ethereum Blockchain.

What are DeFi lending and borrowing?

DeFi lending platforms offer crypto lendings in a trustless way, i.e., without delegates and permit users to enroll their crypto coins on the platform for lending. A borrower can take a loan by using a decentralized platform called P2P lending. Moreover, the lending practice permits the lender to gain interests. DeFi has the highest lending growth rate and is the most predominant patron for locking crypto assets among all decentralized applications (DApps).

How does DeFi lending work?

DeFi loans allow clients to loan their crypto to another person and acquire interest on the loan. Banks consistently have been using this system to the fullest. Presently, in the realm of DeFi, anybody can turn into a lender. A loan provider can loan their assets to other people and will gain interest on that loan. This process can be made possible through lending pools.

Clients can pool their assets and disseminate them to borrowers utilizing smart contracts. There are different approaches to disperse interests to financial investors; subsequently, it is recommended and worth taking out time to research to learn about your interest type. It is similar for borrowers, too, as each pool will carry a different methodology on the best way to borrow.

To get a loan, the borrower needs to offer something more important than the loan sum. Smart contracts are utilized to store this amount of currency of equivalent value to the sum of the loan. Collaterals are accessible in wide assortments; any crypto token can be used to trade borrowed cryptocurrency. For instance, if a client needs to get one bitcoin, he’d need to store the cost of one bitcoin in DAI.

Moreover, the costs of Bitcoins continue to swing remarkably. A case may emerge when the collateral cost dips under the cost of the loan. 

What are the benefits that DeFi Lending provides to its users?

  • Improved speed of loan procedure

Digital lending measures acquire the benefit of quick processing speed. DeFi lending platforms are supported by cloud-based assistance, analytics for fraud detection, and AI computations for ideal loan terms and risk factors. Every one of these advances helps to speed up the process. When the loan is validated, lenders send offers through e-contracts.

  • Greater consistency in lending decisions

Consistency in lending decisions is ensured by the rules clarifying credit policies. Differences in analyzing applicant details and structuring contracts by underwriters are removed.

  • Compliance with local, state, and federal regulations

Decision rules keep a report of who, when, and where these rules were employed and which of them were in effect. This acts as evidence and guarantees that the lender complies with local, state, and federal regulations.

  • Permissionless

DeFi lending enables permissionless access. This means any person with a crypto wallet has access to DeFi applications created on Blockchain, regardless of their location and without any requirements of the minimum amount of funds.

  • Transparency

The public Blockchain reports each transaction on the system and is analyzed by each user on the blockchain network. This transparency level regarding transactions authorizes productive data analysis and guarantees verified access to each user on the system.

  • Interoperability

The interconnected software stack guarantees that decentralized finance procedures and applications blend and fill out one another.

  • Self-custody

The application of Web3 wallets allows  Defi market participants to maintain strong custody over their assets and regulate their data.

Closing Thoughts

This thorough discussion exhibits that DeFi lending has an impressive capacity to reshape the whole financial system. It strives to decentralize the foundation of traditional finance services. DeFi lending, along with the captivating technology, truly can revolutionize the global economic landscape.

Get yourself enrolled for the best blockchain courses and learn blockchain technology in detail at BLOCKCHAIN COUNCIL.

How lending and borrowing take place in Decentralized Finance (DeFi) ?

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A detailed history of blockchain: From the Establishment to Broad Adoption

A detailed history of blockchain From the Establishment to Broad Adoption

Blockchain has gotten an ample amount of appreciation in the most recent couple of years, with the potential to come across as an extraordinary power to transform businesses. Blockchain technology is a computerized record of an action that is copied and conveyed across the whole organization of the blockchain platform through computer networks. Sounds confusing, isn’t it? Truth to be told, Blockchain is much easier to understand than the above description.

For understanding the concept, it is feasible to look back at its historical background and learn about its origin to significant turns of events and innovations. Bits of knowledge into the background of Blockchain will assist us with addressing these queries like the exact meaning of the term,  working environment, problems it can solve, and where it can be implemented. All these insights will help us to place the right expectations for its future.

Table of content

  • What exactly is Blockchain?
  • When did the Blockchain first appear?
  • Who is behind blockchain technology?
  • How is Blockchain created?
  • Identifying a suitable Use-case
  • Selection of Suitable Consensus protocol
  • selection of a suitable platform
  • Node designing
  • Designing the Blockchain parameter configuration
  • APIs
  • Building admin and user Interfaces
  • Adding smart technology
  • Closing Thoughts.

What exactly is Blockchain?

A blockchain is a disseminated network that comprises computer systems associated with the Internet, which all together keep the account of transactions. In the Blockchain, one record is dispersed and protected across the system. Each computer in the group approves the exchanges. However, nobody has power over the network, not like various clients functioning in a centralized network. 

A blockchain incorporates a sequence of blocks, which are information units used to store value-based data of the organization. To add a block into a blockchain, these steps ought to occur:

  • When an exchange is performed, then it should be confirmed by a group of computer networks. The exchange should be compiled in a block; after getting approval from the network group. The digital signature of the sender and the receiver and the dollar’s value has to be stored in a block. 
  • A block should be given a hash to separate it from different blocks. This block additionally contains data of the hash of the newest added block into a blockchain. When hashed, this block can be put into the Blockchain.
  • After the inclusion of a new block in the Blockchain, the complete information of this exchange will be public, and any user in the network can explore this exchange data, for example, who sent it? Who received it? Who added this exchange to the block? When did the exchange occur? And so on. The information is apparent and auditable yet not editable.

A block is only digital data. A “chain” is characterized as a common information base. In this way, when we say Blockchain – we intend to discuss the digital data which is kept in a public data set.

When did Blockchain first appear? 

The very first appearance of Blockchain was seen in 2008. It was introduced by an individual named ‘Satoshi Nakamoto.’ Nakamoto improved the blockchain structure effectively, utilizing a Hashcash-like strategy to keep records of time and date of added blocks without expecting them to be endorsed by a central party and embedding boundaries to balance out the rate at which blocks were to be added to the chain. Next year, this blockchain structure was recognized as a central part of the cryptocurrency bitcoin, where it acts as the public record for all exchanges carried on the network. 

In August of 2014, the size of stored records of all exchanges that have happened on the bitcoin blockchain network filled up to 20 GB. In January 2015, the size had reached nearly 30 GB. This size expanded from 50 GB to 100 GB between January 2016 to 2017. While reaching halfway to 2020, this record size exceeded 200 GiB.

Who is behind Blockchain technology?

It is essential to learn about the historical background of Blockchain for Blockchain supporters and Blockchain prospects. Thus, to help readers to comprehend the Blockchain advancement, let us learn the  history of this technology:

1991-2008: Creation Period of  Blockchain Technology

Blockchain emerged in 1991  when W. Scott Stornetta and Stuart Haber deliberated what the world has come to know as a “Blockchain.” Their early work included shaping a cryptographically secured blockchain where nobody could alter timestamps of records. 

In 1992, they updated their technique to consolidate Merkle trees that improved proficiency hence providing the assortment of more reports on a solitary block. Nonetheless, in 2008, the term “Blockchain” began to acquire importance when Satoshi Nakamoto ingrained his idea of Blockchain in the blockchain space. 

Satoshi Nakamoto is credited as the master of blockchain innovation. There is not much knowledge about Nakamoto as individuals speculate he could be a single person or a group that molded Bitcoin, the primary application of digital roster technology.

How is a Blockchain created?

Here are steps that are needed to create a blockchain:

Step 1: Identifying a suitable Use-case

There are three use-cases where blockchains do very well:

  • Data Authentication and Verification: It focuses on encryption, inflexible storage and digital signatures, creation of private and public keys, and verifying digital signatures.  
  • Smart Asset Management: This focuses on disbursement, revenue, trade, bond, and retirement. In crypto, real-world properties are represented in the form of a token, for example, land, infrastructure, gold, silver, oil.
  • Smart Contracts: This focuses on trade between dealer and buyer with smart contracts.

Step 2: Selection of Suitable Consensus Protocol

Depending on your requirements, you need to choose the right consensus protocol among:

  • Deposit based consensus
  • Proof of stake
  • Delegated Proof of Stake.
  • Derived PBFT
  • Byzantine fault-tolerant
  •  Federated Byzantine Agreement
  • Redundant Byzantine Fault Tolerance
  • Federated consensus
  • Proof of Elapsed Time
  • Simplified Byzantine Fault Tolerance
  •  Round Robin

Step 3: Selection of a Blockchain Platform

This depends on your choice of consensus protocol. Many of them are cost-free and open source. Here are some examples:

Ethereum, Hyperledger Fabric, Quorum,
HydraChain, Stellar, Hyperledger Iroha,
Open chain, Hyperledger Sawtooth Lake, and many more.

Step 4: Node designing

Blockchain systems can be designed as private/public,  permission-less as well as with permission, or even hybrid. 

Another important factor to be considered at this step is whether the nodes are running on-premise or in the cloud. Also, the selection of operating systems and tasks related to hardware configuration such as processors, and memory and disk size is to be done in this step. 

Step 5: Designing the Blockchain Parameter Configuration

Usually, blockchain platforms require a thoroughly plotted configuration for elements like permissions, atomic trades, key management, asset issuance, multiple signatures, address formats, hand-shaking, etc.

Step 6: APIs

Most platforms offer pre-built APIs, while others don’t. The issues that you’ll need APIs for are: 

  • For developing keys and addresses.
  • Conducting auditable processes.
  • Performing data verification by using hash and digital signatures.
  • For holding data and its recovery.
  • Managing smart-asset, I.e., distribution, bond, donations, business, etc.
  • Creating smart contracts.

Step 7: Building admin and user Interfaces

At this step, you’ll select the programming languages. You’ll also have to pick external databases and servers.

Step 8: Adding smart technology 

Boost the potential of your Blockchain solution with the addition of Artificial Intelligence (AI), cloud, data analytics, biometrics, machine learning, and bots.

Closing Thoughts

The Blockchain provides amazing advancements in security, decentralization, transparency, and unchangeable data. These qualities make it a perfect tool for future applications. 

It has marked its territory in many industries, and many more yet have to embed it.

Learn more about blockchain technology and take up a suitable blockchain course at Blockchain Council.

A detailed history of blockchain: From the Establishment to Broad Adoption

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Blockchain in Telecom Explained

Wondering why telecom companies are adopting Blockchain technology? What are its use-cases in the telecom domain? This article has got you covered.

Table of Contents

  • Definition of Blockchain
  • Why Discussing Blockchain in a Telecoms Context is Crucial?
  • Blockchain Use-Cases in Telecommunications 
  • Concluding Lines: What is Achieved and What can be Achieved Further?

Definition of Blockchain

In most simple words, Blockchain is a Peer-to-Peer(P2P), decentralized, public ledger that records online transactions and works without involving any third-party.

It records all the transactions that have taken place in a secure and immutable way, thus ensuring security and privacy. Blockchain technology has become popular because of its ability to offer decentralization, reliability, and security. Apart from this, Blockchain does not take a lengthy process for verification, agreement, and approval.

Want to gain an in-depth understanding of Blockchain and become a Certified Blockchain Developer? Get started today with Blockchain Council.

Why Discussing Blockchain in a Telecoms Context is Crucial?

Blockchain, which started as a peer-to-peer version of electronic cash, has the potential to revamp and reconstruct almost every industry, including supply chain, finance, healthcare, logistics, telecom, among others. Technology has captured the popular imagination due to its ability to provide complete transparency, immutability, privacy, and security. When it comes to the telecom industry, there are various challenges. 

Despite the fact that the telecommunication sector has changed a lot over the last 20 years, still, both providers and subscribers struggle with roaming, high fees, risk of fraud, privacy issues, and so much more. When it comes to inter-carrier transactions, they rely on a mix of automated and manual systems that make the method of doing business together complicated, delayed, and expensive. 

Blockchain Use-Cases in Telecommunications 

Blockchain is arising as a revolutionary technology to manage all the existing issues in the telecom industry, thus opening a new era in terms of efficiency, transparency, and security. Due to its potential to enable full automation in financial settlement and fraud prevention to KYC procedures for onboarding customers, this technology is transforming telecom for good. Let’s explore some of its use-cases in the telecom industry.

  • Roaming and Settlements

As we already mentioned, roaming is one of the major issues because intermediaries are involved in controlling roaming partner settlements, which takes around two months to get resolved. This process further leads to manual errors, frauds, lack of transparency, and other issues.

This complex process can be automated by using smart contracts functionality. Smart Contracts on the Blockchain network can ensure the settlement between the participating members by eliminating third-party intermediaries and automating the SLA agreements through tamper-proof verifiable transactions and real-time updates to the end-users.

  • Identity Management and Fraud Prevention

Identity Management and fraud prevention in the telecom industry is another crucial aspect because multiple third-party agents handle the submission of identity documents; thus, the chances of misuse and leakages are more. Blockchain can address such issues by offering decentralized storage with control remaining entirely in the hands of document owners. Its immutable nature will not only help reduce forgery but also control the submission of fraudulent documents. 

In the telecom industry, the large instances of databases and storage can be replaced with distributed ledgers, thus eliminating various issues.

  • Mobile Number Portability (MNP)

If you have ever gone through the MNP process, you must have realized that it’s a long, time-consuming process. The reason for high processing time is essentially due to data mismatch between operators and periodic updation required from the central database.

Blockchain can streamline this entire complex process by providing a single source of truth where all service providers can review and action requests for Mobile Number Portability. The distributed ledger will help eradicate single-point failure, as all service providers have access to the shared data. Thus instead of days, MNP can be achieved almost instantaneously.

Concluding Lines: What is Achieved and What can be Achieved Further?

Due to Blockchain’s potential, various telecom industries, including Airtel, AT&T, Vodafone, among others, are utilizing this technology to enhance their services. For instance, Telefonica has collaborated with IBM and uses the IBM platform to log information collected by various networks when routing international calls in order to improve the reliability and transparency of collected information. Similarly, Vodafone, a global telecom giant, leverages Blockchain to bring clarity and efficiency to transformed processes. Moreover, other well-known telecom industries are using Blockchain to enable micropayments for music, mobile games, and other value-added services. 

Thus from the above discussion, we can conclude that this distributed ledger technology is taking the entire world into the future, and despite this, there is so much room for exploring and discovering new opportunities.

To get instant updates about Blockchain Technology and to learn more about online Blockchain Certifications, check out Blockchain Council. 

Blockchain in Telecom Explained

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Market enters a ‘wait-and-see phase’ as Bitcoin struggles below $40,000

Price action for Bitcoin (BTC) and the wider cryptocurrency market was relatively subdued on May 27 as nervous traders remain unsure of what comes next following last week’s market plunge that saw leveraged traders wiped out as BTC dipped as low as $30,000 before its price rebounded. 

Data from Cointelegraph Markets Pro and TradingView shows that while Bitcoin’s price has managed to put in higher highs and higher lows over the past week, bulls continue to face stiff resistance at any meaningful attempt to break above $40,000 as bears defend the psychologically important level.

BTC/USDT 4-hour chart. Source: TradingView

For many traders, the recent correction likely triggered PTSD-like flashbacks of the market crash of 2017 and 2018 and the ensuing two-year crypto winter, and this could be a reason why the market seems indecisive at the moment.

Given that many traders are unsure of what might come next for Bitcoin’s price, it’s wise to consider the various bullish and bearish scenarios that could play out and to also take stock of the opinions of analysts in the sector.

Traders remain cautious after the recent sell-off

According to David Lifchitz, managing partner and chief investment officer at ExoAlpha, it’s important to look closely at the recent market events and review the catalysts that created the current situation.

Lifchitz told Cointelegraph that following an “almost uninterrupted bull run from $10,000 in October 2020 to an all-time high for BTC at $65,000 in mid-April 2021,” the market saw several waves of profit-taking ahead of the “great deleveraging of 2021,” which saw the price of BTC fall by 54% to $30,000, while Ether (ETH) and altcoins were hit even harder.

According to Lifchitz, the correction succeeded in “drastically reducing the amount of leverage that prevailed in the ecosystem,” which can be seen as a healthy development for the overall market, as it will help “to build on a more stable base.”

Estimated leverage ratio for Bitcoin. Source: CryptoQuant

Lifchitz cautioned that while data shows that some early dip-buyers managed to pick up tokens near the lows, both volumes and futures open interest have remained weak, “showing no urgency to reload.”

The monthly options expiration for Bitcoin and Ether are less than 24 hours away, and Lifchitz believes they are standing in the way of “any meaningful move in the very short term.” He also suggested that it will be “difficult to convince burned investors to get back in the game just now” due to a lack of upside catalyst and the recent reminder that “prices do not always go up.”

This has put the market in a “wait-and-see phase,” according to Lifchitz, with both trend followers and contrarian investors needing “to see some motion, either up or down” before they engage in the market.

Lifchitz said:

“The market definitely needs a catalyst, either upward or downward to move ahead. A too long period without any catalyst could lead to investors fatigue who might decide to cash out and seek other pastures, which would act as gravity on cryptos triggering a downward move. The next few days/weeks will be very telling of what to expect next.”

Bullish indicators abound

While the average crypto trader is currently in a state of stasis and awaiting the next major market move to signal what BTC might do next, on-chain data indicates bullish moves from larger players who took full advantage of the recent dip by buying.

According to Micah Spruill, managing partner and chief investment officer at S2F Capital, most of the selling that was seen at the recent lows “has been from newer entrants to the market” who have “been selling at a loss and seem to be exhausted at this point.”

In a conversation with Cointelegraph, Spruill pointed to BTC net transfer volume, which shows that following the bearish downturn between May 17 and 20, “Massive amounts of USDC and USDT have been sent to exchanges (to buy BTC, ETH, etc.) and pull them off to long term storage.”

BTC net transfer volume to/from all exchanges. Source: Glassnode

Further analysis shows that retail wallets holding between 0.1 and 1 BTC, as well as whale wallets holding between 1,000 and 10,000 BTC, have been accumulating at these levels in preparation for an overall move higher.

Another bullish indicator mentioned by Spruill is entities’ net growth, which “is recovering back to prior levels” and may signal that “the bull market is back in full force” if this trend continues over the next few weeks and the metric resumes its highs.

Entities net growth for Bitcoin. Source: Glassnode

Overall, Spruill sees a positive move for BTC in the future, although the timing is questionable due to a variety of factors.

Spruill said:

“I think there’s a possibility we could spend an extended period of time (months) between the $30,000 to $42,000 level as the market digests recent events and we endure a mid-cycle re-accumulation period. Alternatively, it’s possible we have a COVID-like recovery whereby we see Bitcoin break outside this range soon and recover much faster than others are expecting.”

The views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cointelegraph. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and you should conduct your own research when making a decision.

Market enters a \’wait-and-see phase\’ as Bitcoin struggles below $40,000

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