Blockchain Consultants

Blockchain Transformations Done Here

Environment

Solidity for Beginners: A Guide to Getting Started

Solidity is a pristine programming language formulated explicitly for developing smart contracts for the Ethereum blockchain.  The newly developed language has gained a significant role under Ethereum’s contracts framework that is of great importance in blockchain technology; in fact, you will be required to learn the language in order to code Ethereum Dapps (Decentralized Applications). The developers created this language with an aim to showcase the real potential of the system of smart contracts in the realm of digital exchanges. 

This article will provide you with a detailed understanding of smart contract systems, solidity language, functionality, and solidity basics. These fundamentals will lend you basic knowledge about the subject to help you in getting started.

Table of Content

  • What are smart contacts?
  • What is Solidity?
  • Solidity basics for beginners. 
  • How is compiling and testing of smart contact done?
  • An overview: Solidity flow of execution
  • Closing Thoughts.

What Are Smart Contracts?

The term smart contracts have gained a ton of publicity since its formulation; it’s been at the center of attention just like other popular terms like AI (artificial intelligence),  Machine Learning, Blockchain, etc. Smart contracts, also known as crypto-contracts, are automatic computer programs that empower currency tradings, digital asset exchanges, and other kinds of businesses. These exchanges are secured by a predefined set of rules summoned as a smart contract system. Thus, smart contracts not just guarantee that both the parties are adhering to the principles and regulations of the smart contract but also automatically implement the contract obligations.

What is Solidity?

Solidity is the principal programming language for assembling smart contracts utilized in the Ethereum blockchain. It is a contract-based language, which implies that smart contracts are liable for putting away the entirety of the programming reasoning on which the Ethereum blockchain runs. It is statically formulated to uphold essential elements like libraries, legacy and that’s just the beginning! 

Solidity is an easy language purposely made for an oversimplified way to provide genuine solutions for the issues of real-world use cases. The language has been implemented on the Ethereum platform, a Virtual Machine carrying out the blockchain network to foster decentralized public records to make smart contract frameworks. This programming language has similar functions as JavaScript and C++. Moreover, the language upholds state factors such as value types, data types and programming capacities. 

However, the language still deals with constant updates and modifications across the platform. Subsequently, an aspiring SOLIDITY DEVELOPER should be aware of the updates through forums of the Ethereum platform, chat rooms, and websites. Currently, Ethereum and Solidity are both going through visionary growth. 

Solidity Basics for beginners 

Solidity language supports the following general  value types:

  • Booleans: It returns a true or false value. 
  • Integers: The int/unit for both unsigned and signed integers are supported by Solidity.   
  • Address: An address can carry up to a 20-byte value. 
  • String Literals: String literals are depicted using either double or single quotes.  They imply trailing value zeroes. 
  • Modifier:  Modifiers ensure the fulfillment of the predefined conditions before code execution.
  • Mappings: Mappings return values related to a given storage site. 

These generic value types can be further integrated to develop complex data types.

How is the compiling and testing of smart contract done?

Once you have created a smart contract using Solidity on a local system, install an easy-to-use test environment that accepts simple Truffle commands. The compiler transforms the source code into the Ethereum Virtual Machine code, allowing you to test your code without needing to pay Ether coins.

An overview: Solidity flow of execution  

The syntactical consonance of Solidity with another programming language, JavaScript, has extensively improved the system’s usability. As a beginner, you must have a clear idea of the execution process under a solidity programming language command:

The Ethereum format documentation draws out an instruction text size of 32-byte containing a stack and memory model. The EVM generates a program stack that monitors the registries under information storage and program counter. To keep a successive stream to control the program, the program counter loops/jumps.

Additionally, the virtual memory lends short memory for information distribution that is expandable to some degree compared to a permanent storage allowance provided by the nodes of the blockchain.

The aim of creating solidity language for Ethereum is to maintain the determinism and accuracy of smart contracts. The node executes programming tools and smart contracts within the connected blocks in the Ethereum for creating a new block. 

This implies the code being executed is enrolled based on the sequence of the block.

While entering the new stage of the execution process, the program phase gets shifted to new storage exchanges. At first, these exchanges are performed at the miner’s location. After execution, the new block is dissipated to different working nodes within the blockchain.

To confirm the credibility of the framework of smart contracts, every node autonomously checks the block by correlating the state changes by using any local copy of the block. In cases where the state changes are deterministic, nodes of the blockchain accept the exchanges. Similarly, in a circumstance where the nodes could not reach an agreement, the execution of the block stops, and the network may end.

Closing Thoughts

Solidity is the language that has the power to develop the frameworks of contracts with robust functionality. Smart contracts have generated ample opportunities for further blockchain developments and multiple sectors of online business. Hopefully, you learned the fundamentals of solidity programming language to use while creating your smart contract.

Learn more about blockchain technology under the guidance of a highly qualified Ethereum expert at the BLOCKCHAIN COUNCIL.

Solidity for Beginners: A Guide to Getting Started

Source

Should you consider EOS for your blockchain development?

Codezeros

The world has witnessed a massive technological advancement. People dealing in digital currencies demand a safe and secure environment. But the traditional forms of blockchain development have some loopholes. And the latest technologies are thus being introduced in the market. One such platform is EOS.

We will discuss everything you must know about EOS in this article so that you can ensure whether to consider EOS for your blockchain development or not.

What is EOS?

In short, EOS is a cryptocurrency. The smart contract platform of EOS blockchain development removes transaction fees and its potential to conduct millions of transactions every second. This particular fact is helping it to earn the blockchain investors’ trust.

Its primary objective was to offer a straightforward interface for facilitating blockchain development. Another attractive feature of EOS was that it eliminates the gas fees for transaction processing.

Should you consider EOS for your blockchain development?

Features of EOS:

The few features that make EOS preferred are given below:

  • Convenience:

EOS offers convenience in several aspects of developing blockchain, including EOS wallet development. The bare-bone interface is useful for developing DApps. It can also be used to deploy private, public, permissionless, and permissioned infrastructures of blockchain. The EOS smart contracts allow you to make custom business logic and programmable governance.

  • Performance:

It offers top-notch TPS rates. Thus, it is the best for developing mission-critical blockchain apps. EOS is also proved to show superior performance and eliminates the latency rate of sub-second block time. It also keeps the accuracy intact.

  • Upgradability:

EOS allows the developers to change and upgrade the code besides improvising it. This feature of EOS contributes to flexibility. The developer-friendly nature of EOS is another side that makes it a blockchain software that is preferred for expanding tools, products, and features.

  • Measurability:

It is proved that EOS can potentially process and measure millions of transactions every second. It is made possible by the incorporation of advanced DPOS technology that further enhanced the efficiency of the framework of EOS. Even with having a massive user base, there are no performance issues.

  • Consensus protocols:

The correct algorithms furnished with EOS give it an upper hand. DPOS mechanism in EOS enhances its functionality.

  • Parallel processing and Multiprocessing:

EOS successfully reduces the excessive load on a program, as there exist multiple processors. Horizontal measurability improves transaction speed. And vertical measurability boosts the processing power. Asynchronous communication fuels time management assets and smoothens communication.

The end-to-end encryption contributes to the security of EOS. All the verification standards and safety norms are used while developing EOS. Trouble-shooting is also added to the blockchain platform.

How does EOS work?

A validator’s coin or EOS token gets locked up as stakes. Then, the validation starts, and the betting system is activated.

The validators now think about the blocks that are possible to add to the chain and put a bet on them. If the block gets added, based on their bets, validators are rewarded.

Role of DPOS in EOS blockchain:

DPOS (delegated proof-of-stake) is a consensus system for seamlessly channelizing cryptocurrency transactions. Additionally, it is backed up with speed and security. In cases of malfunctions, it entertains the longest chain automatically.

DPOS protects blockchain as it depends on the voting process. Being a decentralized framework, it contributes to feasibility both for the business and the user. Besides being usable and reliable, it is faster, cheaper, and more efficient, making it ideal for a decentralized system.

The payment system in EOS:

EOS is a cryptocurrency of EOS.IO. Free transactions, a popular advantage of EOS for being a preferred software.

The holder’s EOS coin owns a network instead of any transaction fees or renting virtual machinery. For instance, if you possess EOS’ 3% of coin stakes, you own 3% of network strength for processing the transaction, thereby allowing free transactions. Just like any other crypto, one can possess, get, or give away funds among digital EOS wallet ledger.

Business application of EOS:

Blockchain can be beneficial to your business. And blockchain technology can be used in different ways in business. Some of the business applications of EOS are described below:

  • Cryptocurrency:

You can use EOS as a tool for investment in a cryptocurrency or crypto space. The proof-of-stake system provides mining power to the blockchain. Because of no transaction fee, it is popular among developers.

  • High-end transactional DApps:

EOS blockchain can be applied in DApps that require a massive capacity of transaction. EOS stabilizes user authentication at different levels. And thereby, it allows anyone to develop a DApp, run it, and authorize it while sharing data among users.

Conclusion:

EOS comes with countless features. And, this makes it one of the most assured blockchain platforms in the world of cryptocurrency. Opt for EOS development services for developing efficient apps.

Moreover, the business applications of EOS have already popularized it across the world. We can expect EOS to expand more in the foreseeable future and will overpower the traditional applications of blockchain.

Should you consider EOS for your blockchain development?

Source

Perlin (PERL) price gains 100% as the focus on green energy solutions intensifies

Generating momentum and attracting investor attention can be a challenge during the best of times in the cryptocurrency market and it is an even bigger challenge when the markets are choppy like the entire crypto ecosystem has been the past couple of months. 

Despite the recent downturn, Perlin (PERL), which has managed to rally 140% from a low of $0.052 on June 8 to a high of $0.134 on June 18 as its average 24-hour trading volume surged from $3 million to $122 million.

PERL/USDT 4-hour chart. Source: TradingView

Three reasons for the increase in price and demand for PERL include the release of the PERL.eco registration ledger, the launch of PerlinX on the Binance Smart Chain and attractive staking options allowing token holders to earn a yield on various cryptocurrencies.

Tokenizing real-world biological assets

PERL’s rally on June 6 and June 14 came in response to the release of PERL.eco, the “Planetary Ecosystem Registration Ledger” which enables the tokenization of real-world bioecological assets.

According to the project’s blog page, PERL.eco is an “attempt to democratize the biosphere economy through liquidity pools and tokenization of biodiversity and carbon credits to decentralized finance.”

As an added incentive to hold PERL, airdrops of tokenized carbon credits will be distributed to wallets holding PERL which can be used by token holders to “offset their carbon footprint or trade on the liquidity pool when the token is released.”

PERL will also be used as the governance token of the DAO, enabling holders to vote on the distribution and fee model as well as participate in other important decisions that affect the ecosystem.

Binance Smart Chain integration leads to lower fees

A second driver of increased momentum for PERL was the mid-April launch of the protocols DeFi interface platform PerlinX on the Binance Smart Chain (BSC), a move that was done in an effort to help lower transaction fees.

Operating on BSC also allowed PerlinX’s liquidity pools to be listed on PancakeSwap and helped to increase the number of farming opportunities available to the PerlinX community.

As a further bonus for PERL liquidity providers, yields earned on PancakeSwap are paid out in the protocol’s native CAKE token which can then be redeposited in the Perlin pool to earn PERL as a form of compound interest.

For PERL holders who wish to remain on the Ethereum (ETH) network, the PerlinX platform offers several options to earn a yield including simple staking as well as liquidity pools between PERL and Wrapped Ether (WETH), Binance USD (BUSD), Balancer (BAL), Dai (DAI) and USD Coin (USDC).

According to data from Cointelegraph Markets Pro, market conditions for PERL have been favorable for some time.

The VORTECS™ Score, exclusive to Cointelegraph, is an algorithmic comparison of historic and current market conditions derived from a combination of data points including market sentiment, trading volume, recent price movements and Twitter activity.

VORTECS™ Score (green) vs. PERL price. Source: Cointelegraph Markets Pro

As seen in the chart above, the VORTECS™ Score for PERL has been in the green for the majority of the past 7 days and registered a score of 67 on June 14, roughly ten hours before the price increased 100% over the next two days.

With the green energy movement and concerns related to the increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere at the forefront of global discussions, blockchain projects that offer working solutions like Perlin and its PERL.eco platform could possibly receive increased attention.

The views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cointelegraph.com. Every investment and trading move involves risk, you should conduct your own research when making a decision.

Perlin (PERL) price gains 100% as the focus on green energy solutions intensifies

Source

Elon Musk announced, Tesla is reconsidering Bitcoin as Payment after Miners Turn 50 % Green.

The globally known business tycoon, Elon Musk, CEO of famous automobile company Tesla, announced on Sunday, 13 June 2021, that Tesla will resume taking payments through bitcoin once the miner’s industry will confirm the usage of adequate clean energy from now onwards.

Musk tweeted on Sunday that if miners provide a formal assurance of using at least 50% of clean energy in order to maintain a positive impact on our environment, Tesla will indeed start bitcoin transactions. 

The electric-car producer company stopped putting up with installments from customers who intended to pay their car expenses with bitcoin. Tesla took this sudden step in mid-may 2021 as the company had some serious concerns regarding how cryptocurrency mining is affecting climate change. This concern was raised as cryptocurrency mining makes use of vast pools of powerful computers.

In may Musk said, his company is deeply concerned about this rapid increase in the use of fossil fuels in order to carry out Bitcoin transactions and mining, particularly coal, which is well known to produce the worst emissions among whole categories of fuel.

Musk reacts to the tweet of the CEO of South African asset manager

The CEO of South African asset manager sygnia, Magda Wierzycka, tweeted that Elon Musk is trying to manipulate the market by tweeting about bitcoin prices. He added that Musk’s behaviour should trigger a thorough investigation on the matter by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

On Sunday, Tesla CEO denied allegations imposed on him by Magda Wierzycka regarding market manipulation. He explained that his company has hardly sold 10 per cent of its bitcoin ownership to substantiate that bitcoin could be liquidated effortlessly without any need to move the market, he said in his tweet. 

Furthermore, by disclosing its earnings statements, Tesla announced it has sold some 272 million dollars worth of crypto assets during the initial quarter, and this move helped the company to reduce regulating losses by 101 million dollars, as mentioned in the company’s earnings statement.

In February 2021, Musk’s company, in an SEC filing, revealed that it purchased 1.5 billion dollars worth of bitcoin and also confirmed that Tesla would soon begin to accept bitcoin as an installment method for its products.

Conclusion 

Often, the Tesla owner Elon Musk’s statements on social media regarding cryptocurrency makes significant rise and fall in crypto prices, but on Sunday, it appeared to show an instant effect as bitcoin prices overall elevated nearly 8 per cent just around the daytime on Sunday.

Elon Musk announced, Tesla is reconsidering Bitcoin as Payment after Miners Turn 50 % Green.

Source

What algorithm is adopted to protect the security of Blockchain?

What algorithm is adopted to protect the security of Blockchain

If you have been following cryptocurrency over the last decade, you must have heard the word “Blockchain”,  the record-keeping methodology behind the Bitcoin network. Blockchain technology is basically a distributed database that keeps a continuous rising list of protected records from external emendation. Approximately 5% of the world population use this technology. But, is blockchain completely secure? Well, this can be estimated by evaluating the workings of a blockchain platform. This article will look into essential aspects of blockchain that make it an efficient and safe platform for digital transactions. 

Table of contents 

  • How does a blockchain network work?
  • Algorithm to protect blockchain security:
  • Private and public key
  • Hashing
  • Peer-to-peer network
  • Zero-knowledge proof
  • Closing thought

How does a blockchain network work?

The blockchain network dwells across a system of nodes. When new transactions happen, the blockchain is ascertained across this distributed system before these new transactions can be incorporated as the following blocks on the chain. Hence, the alliance of nodes is needed to put that block into the blockchain. Each block keeps collections of unique transactions and the outcomes of any blockchain executables.  The blockchain platform is trustable because an exact copy of the series, showing every transaction, is attached to the entire network. If somebody tries to cheat the system, they can be identified easily. 

However, sometimes a few things can go wrong in other areas of a blockchain-based application resulting in loss and compromise. For instance, weak access controls, inadequate communication security, certificate management protections, and loose key. For this reason, blockchain uses several algorithms to increase security and provide each user with a safe environment for carrying out transactions.

Algorithms used to protect the blockchain security:

  • Private and public keys

Blockchain technology makes use of asymmetric cryptography for securing transactions among users. In such networks, each user acquires a private and public key. These keys are created with random strings of numbers that are cryptographically linked. No user can surmise another user’s private key by looking at their public key. All users have an address that is emanated from the public key by utilizing a hash function. These addresses are used for sending and receiving investments on the blockchain, I.e. cryptocurrency. Users can view previous transactions and activities on the blockchain as blockchain networks are shared with all parties.

Users’ identities are kept hidden; Senders and receivers of prior transactions are embodied and implied by their addresses; 

This strategy prevents  a malevolent user from observing a specific address’s past transactions  to disclose information.

Private keys protect users’ identities and keep them secure through digital signatures. Private keys let users access personal wallets and funds on the blockchain; this adds a layer of identity authentication. Whenever individuals send money to other users, they should submit a digital signature produced and provided with the private key. This procedure prevents the theft of funds.

Before building transactions into blocks, blockchains hash every transaction. Hash pointers tie each block to its forebear by carrying a hash of the data in the previous block. Hence, a change made in any transaction will generate a completely different hash, which will then modify the hashes of all successive blocks. To produce a modification across the blockchain, around 51% of the system would have to agree to it. This process is termed a “51% attack.”

However, different blockchains employ different cryptography algorithms. The Bitcoin blockchain utilizes the SHA256 algorithm, which generates a 32-byte hash. Litecoin and Dogecoin both use Scrypt. It is one of the lighter and faster cryptography algorithms.

  • Peer-to-peer network    

In big corporations, an enormous amount of users’ personal data is stocked on solitary devices, which increases the risk of losing data if the system got hacked, mishandled, or lost. Blockchain intends to eliminate this dependence on a central authority. To accomplish this, blockchain works in a way where nodes in a blockchain system can affirm the legitimacy of a transaction instead of a third party.

Transactions between clients like sending and accepting digital money are conveyed to each node in the network. Nodes ensure credibility of transaction, before it gets documented as a block on the blockchain and check past transactions of the sender to make sure he/she didn’t double-spend or spend a more extensive amount of funds than they acquire.

Later on, agreement protocols like verification of work and confirmation of stake are sent by miners. These protocols permit nodes to arrive at an agreement state on the order and sum of transactions. When a transaction gets checked, it is distributed as a block on the blockchain. Users’ protection is expanded through the decentralized nature of blockchain, and no need for a central authority.

  • Zero-knowledge proofs

Zero-knowledge proof is a Consensual decision-making process in which one party confirms to another party that data is credible. In this process, the “prover” does not disclose any data about the transaction. This can be achieved through detailed cryptographic techniques. This maintains the decentralized nature of blockchain while reducing transparency; zero-knowledge proofs reflect nothing regarding a transaction except its validity.

Closing Thought

Through the combined use of different algorithms, blockchains are able to fulfil high degrees of security as a distributed system. However, these fields of knowledge must be appropriately assigned. By understanding the algorithm, a user can become a blockchain expert. A careful symmetry between security and decentralization is essential for building a dependable and effective cryptocurrency network. 

To learn more about Blockchain technology and become a Blockchain expert, check out various courses as well as certifications available with Blockchain Council.

What algorithm is adopted to protect the security of Blockchain?

Source

Verified by MonsterInsights