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Solidity for Beginners: A Guide to Getting Started

Solidity is a pristine programming language formulated explicitly for developing smart contracts for the Ethereum blockchain.  The newly developed language has gained a significant role under Ethereum’s contracts framework that is of great importance in blockchain technology; in fact, you will be required to learn the language in order to code Ethereum Dapps (Decentralized Applications). The developers created this language with an aim to showcase the real potential of the system of smart contracts in the realm of digital exchanges. 

This article will provide you with a detailed understanding of smart contract systems, solidity language, functionality, and solidity basics. These fundamentals will lend you basic knowledge about the subject to help you in getting started.

Table of Content

  • What are smart contacts?
  • What is Solidity?
  • Solidity basics for beginners. 
  • How is compiling and testing of smart contact done?
  • An overview: Solidity flow of execution
  • Closing Thoughts.

What Are Smart Contracts?

The term smart contracts have gained a ton of publicity since its formulation; it’s been at the center of attention just like other popular terms like AI (artificial intelligence),  Machine Learning, Blockchain, etc. Smart contracts, also known as crypto-contracts, are automatic computer programs that empower currency tradings, digital asset exchanges, and other kinds of businesses. These exchanges are secured by a predefined set of rules summoned as a smart contract system. Thus, smart contracts not just guarantee that both the parties are adhering to the principles and regulations of the smart contract but also automatically implement the contract obligations.

What is Solidity?

Solidity is the principal programming language for assembling smart contracts utilized in the Ethereum blockchain. It is a contract-based language, which implies that smart contracts are liable for putting away the entirety of the programming reasoning on which the Ethereum blockchain runs. It is statically formulated to uphold essential elements like libraries, legacy and that’s just the beginning! 

Solidity is an easy language purposely made for an oversimplified way to provide genuine solutions for the issues of real-world use cases. The language has been implemented on the Ethereum platform, a Virtual Machine carrying out the blockchain network to foster decentralized public records to make smart contract frameworks. This programming language has similar functions as JavaScript and C++. Moreover, the language upholds state factors such as value types, data types and programming capacities. 

However, the language still deals with constant updates and modifications across the platform. Subsequently, an aspiring SOLIDITY DEVELOPER should be aware of the updates through forums of the Ethereum platform, chat rooms, and websites. Currently, Ethereum and Solidity are both going through visionary growth. 

Solidity Basics for beginners 

Solidity language supports the following general  value types:

  • Booleans: It returns a true or false value. 
  • Integers: The int/unit for both unsigned and signed integers are supported by Solidity.   
  • Address: An address can carry up to a 20-byte value. 
  • String Literals: String literals are depicted using either double or single quotes.  They imply trailing value zeroes. 
  • Modifier:  Modifiers ensure the fulfillment of the predefined conditions before code execution.
  • Mappings: Mappings return values related to a given storage site. 

These generic value types can be further integrated to develop complex data types.

How is the compiling and testing of smart contract done?

Once you have created a smart contract using Solidity on a local system, install an easy-to-use test environment that accepts simple Truffle commands. The compiler transforms the source code into the Ethereum Virtual Machine code, allowing you to test your code without needing to pay Ether coins.

An overview: Solidity flow of execution  

The syntactical consonance of Solidity with another programming language, JavaScript, has extensively improved the system’s usability. As a beginner, you must have a clear idea of the execution process under a solidity programming language command:

The Ethereum format documentation draws out an instruction text size of 32-byte containing a stack and memory model. The EVM generates a program stack that monitors the registries under information storage and program counter. To keep a successive stream to control the program, the program counter loops/jumps.

Additionally, the virtual memory lends short memory for information distribution that is expandable to some degree compared to a permanent storage allowance provided by the nodes of the blockchain.

The aim of creating solidity language for Ethereum is to maintain the determinism and accuracy of smart contracts. The node executes programming tools and smart contracts within the connected blocks in the Ethereum for creating a new block. 

This implies the code being executed is enrolled based on the sequence of the block.

While entering the new stage of the execution process, the program phase gets shifted to new storage exchanges. At first, these exchanges are performed at the miner’s location. After execution, the new block is dissipated to different working nodes within the blockchain.

To confirm the credibility of the framework of smart contracts, every node autonomously checks the block by correlating the state changes by using any local copy of the block. In cases where the state changes are deterministic, nodes of the blockchain accept the exchanges. Similarly, in a circumstance where the nodes could not reach an agreement, the execution of the block stops, and the network may end.

Closing Thoughts

Solidity is the language that has the power to develop the frameworks of contracts with robust functionality. Smart contracts have generated ample opportunities for further blockchain developments and multiple sectors of online business. Hopefully, you learned the fundamentals of solidity programming language to use while creating your smart contract.

Learn more about blockchain technology under the guidance of a highly qualified Ethereum expert at the BLOCKCHAIN COUNCIL.

Solidity for Beginners: A Guide to Getting Started

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Solana (SOL) and Enzyme (MLN) rally while the wider market remains flat

Significant price corrections like the one see in May inflict widespread pain for a majority of market participants and can be a death sentence for struggling projects as token holders capitulate and dump their holdings for any price offered. 

While these periods are useful to help shakeout the weak hands and weed out unnecessary projects, they also offer strong performers the opportunity to stand out from the crowd and attract the attention of eager investors looking for a safe haven during choppy markets.

Two projects that have been more resilient than crypto majors and are down less than 20% from their highs established prior to the May 18 market sell-off are Solana (SOL) and Enzyme (MLN).

Enzyme benefits from the Coinbase bump

Out of the top 200 coins, Enzyme has outperformed the field in terms of bouncing back following the sell-off as the MLN token surged 150% from a low of $75.50 on June 4 to a high at $185 on June 7, propelled by a record $45 million in 24-hour trade volume.

MLN/USDT 4-hour chart. Source: TradingView

Enzyme is a decentralized finance (DeFi) protocol designed for on-chain asset management and meant to empower investors to build, scale and monetize investment strategies that can be utilized by other members of the Enzyme community.

After a relatively quiet start to June, Enzyme began receiving more notice on Twitter beginning on June 6 with Messari analyst Jack Purdy pointing out that “even with prices down 40% from a few weeks ago Enzyme AUM are still close to all-time highs.”

While there was no major developments for the protocol as the price started to rise significantly beginning June 4, the June 8 revelation that MLN would be added to Coinbase Pro appears to be the driving force behind the tokens recent surging price demonstrating that the Coinbase bump still has the potential to move prices.

Solana rebounds from its May 19 low

The second token that quickly rebounded from the May crash is Solana (SOL), a layer-one proof-of-stake protocol capable of processing 65,500 transactions per second (TPS).

Related: Solana Labs raises $314M via private token sale as ecosystem support expands

Momentum for the project began picking up on June 2 following the announced launch of the Metaplex NFT platform which offers “a radically new approach to NFTs and NFT storefronts” on the Solana blockchain.

SOL/USDT 4-hour chart. Source: TradingView

This announcement was followed up by a series of other project launches on Solana including the algorithmic decentralized lending and borrowing platform Solend and the decentralized, capital-efficient derivatives exchange Moët Finance.

According to data from Cointelegraph Markets Pro, market conditions for Solana have been favorable for some time.

The VORTECS™ Score, exclusive to Cointelegraph, is an algorithmic comparison of historic and current market conditions derived from a combination of data points including market sentiment, trading volume, recent price movements and Twitter activity.

VORTECS™ Score (green) vs. SOL price. Source: Cointelegraph Markets Pro

As seen on the chart above, the VORTECS™ Score for SOL has been green for the most of May, with its score quickly recovering above 67 on May 24 to reach a high at 80 on June 4 as its price began to rally 30% over the next three days.

The views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cointelegraph.com. Every investment and trading move involves risk, you should conduct your own research when making a decision.

Solana (SOL) and Enzyme (MLN) rally while the wider market remains flat

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IMF plans to meet with El Salvador’s president, potentially discussing move to adopt Bitcoin

The International Monetary Fund has said El Salvador’s recent decision to make Bitcoin legal tender in the country may raise legal and financial concerns.

In a Thursday press briefing from the International Monetary Fund, or IMF, spokesperson Gerry Rice said the group was already in discussions with lawmakers in El Salvador over a loan to support the country’s economy, having approved emergency funds related to the pandemic last year. However, Rice said an IMF team would be meeting with President Nayib Bukele today and implied crypto would be a likely topic for discussion.

“Adoption of Bitcoin as legal tender raises a number of macroeconomic, financial and legal issues that require very careful analysis,” said Rice. “We are following developments closely, and we’ll continue our consultations with the authorities.”

Spokespeople for the IMF have often voiced concerns about countries adopting digital currency. In March, the group issued a similar warning against the Marshall Islands’ recognizing its digital sovereign currency, called SOV, as legal tender, as it may pose similar legal and financial risks. In that case, a spokesman said the islands’ local economy had been strained by the economic fallout of the pandemic and likely wouldn’t be corrected with the SOV.

Related: Marshall Islands digital currency would ‘raise risks,’ says IMF

In the case of El Salvador, the time between the introduction of ideas and action is seemingly short. President Bukele first announced he would propose a bill making Bitcoin (BTC) legal tender in El Salvador at a pre-recorded video message at the Bitcoin 2021 conference this weekend. The legislation passed with a supermajority in the nation’s Legislative Assembly yesterday.

Though the country is still seeking support from the IMF related to the pandemic this year, it has already begun to consider the energy needs of Bitcoin miners. Bukele said he would be instructing state-owned electrical company LaGeo, to make certain facilities available to miners to utilize geothermal power from the country’s volcanoes — El Salvador currently operates the two geothermal plants in Ahuachapán and Berlín.

“Crypto assets can pose significant risks,” said Rice. “Effective regulatory measures are very important when dealing with them.”

IMF plans to meet with El Salvador’s president, potentially discussing move to adopt Bitcoin

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RenVM Latest Integration Now Allows Fantom to Empower Users With Faster Bitcoin Transactions and Lowest Fee

RenVM Integration Enables Fantom to Provide Superfast Bitcoin T…est Possible Fees

Here’s the good news for crypto-assets holders on major Blockchain platforms other than Fantom. The latest upgrade of RenVM’s is bringing them under the Fantom’s ecosystem, allowing super-fast and the lowest fee transactions. 

Formerly, users who belonged to other blockchains could not take advantage of  a reduced fee, fewer wait times, and low transaction fees that a Fantom’s user normally enjoys. But, with the recent integration of Fantom’s RenVM, users from different platforms are allowed to directly store their assets to Fantom with the assistance of Redbridge and significantly take up benefits of the Fantom ecosystem.

Not only this, but now users can also perform deposit and withdrawal processes regarding their crypto assets to Fantom blockchain without having to run through numerous exchanges. With the development of RenBridge, DeFi fanatics can now expand and trade practically all their assets across different blockchains to Fantom and carry out whatever exchanges are crucial without relying on a centralized exchange.

The upgrade will aid BTC, BCH, ZEC, and DOGE right from the beginning. However, others will be added shortly as the integration improves and expands. This will open more doors for users to utilize Fantom to carve their crypto portfolio as they want and make it work for them. More significantly, users will find their portfolio comes around to be quicker, more competitive, and more adaptive to shifting circumstances and market conditions.

This also indicates a rise of a completely new phase of growth for Fantom as a whole. With new partnerships and developments, Fantom will come to be an ever more dominant platform in the world of cryptocurrency. As Fantom refines more alliances and increases compatibility with additional categories of assets, its utility, dexterity, and all-around significance will only improve for portfolio holders.

Native REN assets that’ll be accessible from now on at Fantom’s blockchain are:

  • Bitcoin (BTC) -$renBTC 
  • Bitcoin Cash (BCH) – $renBCH
  • DigiByte (DGB) – $renDGB
  • Dogecoin (DOGE) – $renDOGE
  • Filecoin (FIL) – $renFIL
  • Terra (LUNA) – $renLUNA
  • Zcash (ZEC) – $renZEC

To take advantage of this new advancement, users are needed to add the Fantom Network to their MetaMask. Then users will be eligible to link their various currencies and start making moves. As this integration is still in its early phase, new improvements will be coming. You can expect to find Varen be, Curve Finance, and BadgerDAO to be added soon.

Conclusion 

As Fantom proceeds to broaden its toolbox, giving crypto holders from different blockchains the power to make the best possible choices for their portfolio.

This is a shiny new development in the cryptocurrency era, and it’s just the start. Stay tuned for new assets as they become viable with the upcoming integration.

To get instant updates about cryptocurrency and to learn more about online cryptocurrency Certifications, check out Blockchain Council.

RenVM Latest Integration Now Allows Fantom to Empower Users With Faster Bitcoin Transactions and Lowest Fee

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2 Bitcoin price indicators suggest BTC has not bottomed yet

Traders are using various strategies to determine whether Bitcoin price has bottomed, but on-chain activity and derivatives data hint that the situation remains precarious.

Has Bitcoin price bottomed yet? According to @noshitcoins, derivatives and on-chain data signal that further downside could be in store.

Traders have been trying to time the much-anticipated trend reversal ever since Bitcoin (BTC) initiated its 48% correction to $30,000 on May 12. The move culminated with $12 billion worth of futures long positions being liquidated, and to date, trader’s confidence remains somewhat dampened.

The community started looking everywhere for trend reversal signs, including technical patterns, United States CPI inflation data and Bitcoin exchange deposits. For example, some analysts stated that a higher high, followed by a move above $40,000, would be enough.

However, two days later, Bitcoin managed to break the $40,000, although the move didn’t last for more than six hours. Meanwhile, other traders inferred that a retest of the $30,000 bottom is needed before a bounce.

Although there could be empirical evidence or even logic backing those statements, market prices don’t always react to external news or previous chart formations. Unlike stocks, Bitcoin investors can’t rely on commonly used valuation multiples or even comparables.

Sure, a digital store of value is one use case, but at the same time, it is uncensorable and easily transferable. Furthermore, some users value Bitcoin’s peer-to-peer fiat convertibility outside of KYC-regulated exchanges. Another factor to consider is the investors who are increasing their Bitcoin portfolio due to the lack of correlation with traditional financial assets.

This panacea of diverse and sometimes conflicting narratives creates barriers for modeling the market’s potential, adoption status, and even measuring the effectiveness of recent developments.

Some will cheer for Tesla and large companies building up Bitcoin reserves, while others couldn’t care less about who’s holding BTC and instead focus on the challenges of scalability and fungibility.

Skew: the professional “fear and greed” indicator

Call options allow the buyer to acquire Bitcoin at a fixed price when the contract expires. Put options, on the other hand, provide insurance for buyers and protect against price drops.

Whenever market makers and professional traders lean bullish, they will demand a higher premium on call (buy) options. This trend will cause a negative 25% delta skew indicator. On the other hand, if downside protection is more costly, the skew indicator will become positive.

Bitcoin 30-day options 25% delta skew. Source: laevitas.ch

A 25% delta skew oscillating between a negative 10%, and a positive 10% is usually deemed neutral. This balanced situation held until May 16, as Bitcoin lost the critical $47,000 support, which had held for 76 days.

As the markets deteriorated, so did the 25% delta skew indicator, and the cost of protective options spiked. Therefore, until the metric establishes a more neutral pattern nearer to the 5% level, it seems premature to call the market bottom.

Active Bitcoin supply signals that weak hands need to cool off

Traders also monitor the number of BTC that have been active lately. This indicator can’t be deemed bullish or bearish by itself as it does not provide information on how old the involved addresses are.

Active supply that transacted at least once in the trailing 30 days. Source: CoinMetrics

The 500% price rally from Oct. 1, 2020, and the $64,900 peak on April 14, 2021, caused a major increase in the supply moved in the months before the rally. When this metric presents a sharp decrease, it indicates that investors are no longer interested in participating at the current price level.

There are currently 2.2 million BTC active over the past 30 days, and this is significantly higher than levels seen before Oct. 2020.

As things currently stand, traders should not be so that Bitcoin has bottomed, at least until the market no longer has relevant activity surrounding the sub-$40,000 level.

The views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Cointelegraph. Every investment and trading move involves risk. You should conduct your own research when making a decision.

2 Bitcoin price indicators suggest BTC has not bottomed yet

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